Purification sludge is generated in result of treatment processes performed on industrial and household wastes at treatment facilities. Purification is an indispensable part of disposal of types of waste sludge. The sludge issue must not be disregarded in project planning of waste treatment facilities. Sludge taken in at the treatment facility will pass through various processes. These methods include biological sedimentation, chemical sedimentation or physical sedimentation before intake of the sludge into the facility.
Biological and physical purification methods are more suitable for household wastes, while chemical purification methods are preferable for industrial wastes. There are some important points to keep in mind in regard of wastewater purification. Firstly, characteristic, land costs and usability of the wastewater must be taken into account. In addition, the required water output quality and the future water quality standards must also be improved.
Processes Performed at Wastewater Treatment Facilities:
Various procedures are in question in scope of the processes implemented at wastewater treatment facilities. Various techniques are used in scope of physical, biological and chemical methods and advanced purification methods. Meshes, sand filters, oil filters and preliminary sedimentation processes are utilized in scope of physical purification methods. Biological purification processes include the classical active sludge, long-term aeration, active sludge, oxidation and stabilization stages. Processes referred to as advanced purification include disinfection, active carbon filtering, membrane filtering, advanced oxidation, ion exchangers and adsorption phases. Chemical purification techniques include coagulation, flocculation, chemical sedimentation, floatation and naturalization. Sludge processing and disposal methods include condensation, dehydration, stabilization and final disposal phases. After being subjected to these processes the purification sludge generally ends up in liquid form, and condensers need to be added to treatment systems if the volume of the sludge needs to be decreased. Physical pollutant properties of the purification sludge must be taken into account in physical purification in scope of treatment methods. Physical properties include specific gravity, viscosity and material dimensions.
In the processes called as physical purification method, suspended particles in the waste water and other solid materials are separated from water and subjected to purification processes. This application is simple and generally used in advance waste water purification. This method is preferred when solid parts are removed from water. The processes utilized while applying physical purification methods are sand holders, meshes, floating material holders, grids, sedimentation stage, balancing and floating pools. The last stage of waste water purification processes is final disposal process.
